Төв азийн өндөрлөгт оршдог Монгол орны говь хээрийн бүсээс эх аван хаврын хаварт бий болдог шар шороон түйрэн ба элсний нүүдэл бол энэ бүс нутагт гардаг экологийн хамгийн тааламжгүй үзэгдлүүдийн нэг. Энэ нь цаг уурын олон үзэгдлүүдийн эх үүсвэр болдог нарны гэрлийн нийлмэл цацраг ба түүний ойлт ба шингээлтийн ялгавраас бий болдог “альбедо”-гийн хэмжээнээс шалтгаалдаг.
НАРНЫ ЦАЦРАГИЙН АЛЬБЕДО ГЭЖ ЮУ ВЭ?
Дэлхийн цаг уурыг тодорхойлогч үндсэн хүчин зүйл бол нарны гэрлийн цацрагийн альбедогийн үзүүлэлт юм. Тухайн биет дээр тусаж буй нарны нийлмэл цацрагийн хэмжээг тухайн биетээс ойж буй цацрагийн хэмжээтэй харьцуулсан утгыг ойлтын хэмжээ буюу “АЛЬБЕДО” гэдэг. Нарны гэрлийн шингээлтийн хэмжээ буюу дулаан бий болгох үзүүлэлт нь нийлмэл цацрагийн ерөнхий хэмжээ ба нарны гэрлийн цацрагийн буцаан ойлгох хэмжээний ялгавартай тэнцүү байна. Альбедо нь нарны тусгалын өнцөг буюу өргөрөгүүдийн нарны тусгалаас холдох орон зай, далай тэнгис ба хуурай газар, агаар мандлын үүлшилт ба чийгшлээс шалтгаалж цаг уурын байдалд хүчтэй нөлөө үзүүлж байдаг.
Альбедогийн ойлтын үзүүлэлт нь шинэ цастай үед 80-90%, хуурай элсэн гадаргууд 40%, ургамалан бүрхэвчтэй бол 10-20%, усан мандалд 2-5% орчим байдаг. Албедогийн ойлт ба шингээлтийн үзүүлэлт нь хүлээн авч байгаа гадаргуугийн онцлог, тэдгээрийн өнгөнөөс ихэд шалтгаалдаг. Нарны гэрлийн цацрагийн ойлтын хэмжээ их байгаа бүс нутгаас дулааны энерги түлхүү бий болж байгаа газар руу салхины урсгал чиглэж байдаг.
Чухам энэ бодит нөхцлийн үр дүнд улирлын “муссон” салхи үүсэж нийслэлийн агаарын бохирдлын их тунарал хаврын эхээр саринан зайлуулагддаг. Харин өргөн уудам бүс нутгийг хамарсан температурын өндөр инервалтай халуун хүйтэн фронтуудын мөргөлдөөнөөс шалтгаалж говь нутгийг хамарсан шар шороон түйрэн үүсч улмаар хурд хүч нь эрс нэмэгдсээр “говийн угалз” буюу элсний их нүүдэл эхэлдэг.
Шар шороон түйрэн нь ургамалжилт нэн сийрэг говийн нөхцөлд салхины хурд 8-10 м/с хүрэхэд эхлэж хурд нь 20 м/с болоход элсний нүүдэл болж эрч хүч нь нэмэгддэг.
Шар шороон түйрэн нь нар хөөрөхөд эхлэж, үд дундаар оргил хэмжээнд хүрч, орой шөнийн цагт намжиж байдаг нь альбедогийн үйлчлэлээс шалтгаалдаг. Шар шороон шуурга нь говь нутагт олон жилийн хугацаанд бүрэлдэн бий болдог био мандлын үнэт баялаг болох өгөршлийн түүхий эдүүдийг хийсгэн одож говь нутгийн цөлжилтийг гүнзгийрүүлдэг. Доорхи зүйлүүдийг өгөршлийн үнэт баялагт тооцдог.
-Олон жил нар, салхи, чийг, бороо, халуун хүйтэнд нэрвэгдэн элэгдэж бутарсан хад чулуу, эрдэс бодисын жижиг ширхэлэгт үлдэгдлүүд.
-Улирлын тааламжтай мөчлөгүүдэд цэцэглэж байсан ургамлуудын үр ба хагдарсан навч нахианы хигдэс болох органик бодисууд.
-Байгаль экологийн тааламжтай мөчлөгт амьдарч байсан бичил биетэн ба хорхой шавьжийн үлдэгдлүүд.
-Зэрлэг ан амьтан ба малын хатсан бууц зэрэг багтана. Хэрэв эдгээр нь эх газартаа үлдэж хоцорсон бол зуны найрсаг улиралд эх байгалийн ногоон хамгаалалт, нөмрөг болон үлдэх байсан. Элсний нүүдэл нь говь нутгийн тарчиг ургамлан бүрхэгчийг булж цөлжүүлэхээс гадна дэд бүтцийн бүтээн байгууламжуудыг дарж эдийн засгийн асар их нэмэгдэл зардал гаргахад хүргэдэг. Бид нарны гэрлийн альбедог өөрчлөж чадахгүй ч шар шороон түйрэн ба элсний нүүдлийн гамшгийг хөрш орнуудтайгаа хамтран бууруулах боломжтой.
Энэ тухай дараагийн цувралд өгүүлэх болно.
Ахмад настан Л.Лхагва
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