Харвардын их сургууль урт хугацаатай маш сонирхолтой судалгаа хийжээ.
Хүн ер нь яавал хамгийн их аз жаргалтай байдгийг мэдэхээр 75 жилийн турш судалгааны баг нь ажиллажээ. 1938 онд эхлүүлсэн уг судалгаанд сэтгэлзүй, антропологи, IQ, согтууруулах ундааны хэрэглээ, гэр бүлийн харилцаа, орлогын түвшин зэрэг нилээд олон хувьсагчийг тооцохыг хичээжээ. Дараах үр дүн гарчээ.
Аз жаргал гэдэг бол хайр, өөр юу ч биш!
Хайр бялхсан орчинг сүйдэлдэг амьдралын хэв маягаас зайлсхийхийг хамгийн түрүүнд зөвлөжээ.
Хүмүүс хоорондын харилцаа хүний амьдралын аз жаргалыг шууд тодорхойлдог аж. Судалгаагаар хэрэгтэй, хүсч байсан, хүндэлдэг хүмүүстэйгээ ажилладаг, танилцаж чадсан хүмүүс албан тушаал ахих, цалингаа нэмүүлэхээс илүүтэйгээр сэтгэлийн бодит таашаал авч байсан байна. Мөн багадаа эхийн хайраар дутаагүй өссөн залуус бусдыг илүү хайрлахаас гадна орлогын түвшин нь ч үүнийгээ дагаад эхийн хайрыг мэдрээгүй, “дутуу” хайрлуулж өссөн хүмүүсээс хамаагүй илүү байсан байна (даруй жилийн 87000 ам.доллараар илүү гэдэг тоог ч гаргажээ).
Мөн эцгийн хайраар дутаагүй өссөн хүмүүс ачаалал даах, стресст автах чадвар нь бусдыгаа бодвол өндөр гарч байв. Өнгөрснийг өөрчилж чадахгүй ч хүүхдүүдийнхээ ирээдүйг гэрэлтэй байлгахын тулд эцэг эхийн хайр, гэр бүлийн халуун харилцаа асар чухал аж.
Архи, тамхины зохисгүй хэрэглээ дундаж наслалтыг багасгахаас гадна гэр бүл салалтыг гол суурь шалтгаан болж байгааг мөн баталжээ.
Сэтгэлийн амар амгалан.
Бие биесээ хүндлэх, ажлыг нь үнэлэх, бусдыг хүлээн зөвшөөрч сурах нь сэтгэлийн амар амгаланг олох суурь аж. Тэрнээс бус мөнгөний тооны араас хөөцөлдөөд байвал хүний шунал хэзээ ч дуусдаггүй. 2015 онд эдийн засгийн салбарт Нобелийн шагнал авсан Angus Deaton-ны 2010 оны судалгаагаар хүний жилийн орлого 75000 ам.доллараас илүү гараад ирэхээрээ мөнгөнөөс таашаал авахаа больж эхэлдэг гэдгийг батлахыг хичээжээ. Иймээс мөнгө чухал ч хэмжээ нь тодорхой түвшинд хүрээд чухал биш болдог ажгуу.
Хүнийг өнөөдөр болон өнгөрснөөр нь үнэлж хэмжиж харьцаж болохгүйг онцолжээ.
Хүний удам угсаа, гэр бүлийн түүх зэрэг нь тухайн хүний аз жаргалын индекс, сайхан амьдралтай корреляцийн ямар ч хамааралгүй болохыг мөн баталжээ. Хүн ялгаж харьцаад байвал аз жаргал гэдэг зүйлийг та олохгүй нь ээ!
80 наснаас хойшхи хүний эрүүл мэнд удамшил, ген зэрэгтэй бараг хамаагүй харин 50 наснаас өмнө олж авсан амьдралын дадал зуршлаас шууд хамаардаг гэдгийг онцолжээ.
Хүмүүн аз жаргалтай байхын тулд бусдыг хайрлахын зэрэгцээ бусдаар жинхнээсээ хайрлуулах хэрэгцээ гардаг аж. 1908-1970 онд амьдарч байсан Америкийн сэтгэл судлаач Абрахам Харолд Маслоу хүний хэрэгцээг 5 шатлалаар эрэмбэлсэн. Энэ салбарын эрдэмтэн судлаачид пирамид дээр нэмж ажиллаад 3 шинэ эрэмбийг нэмсэн байдаг.
Эдгээр нь:
бусдыг ойлгох хэрэгцээ (cognitive needs);
гоозүйн хэрэгцээ (aesthetic needs);
бусдад туслах,
бусдыг дэмжих,
бусдыг хайрлах хэрэгцээ (transcendence needs).
Энэхүү пирамидын дээд түвшний хэрэгцээг мэдэрсэн хүмүүс бол өнөөгийн нийгэмд амьд бурхан гэж нэрлэгдэх биз ээ.
Тэгэхээр аз жаргалтай амьдралын үндэс бидний аз жаргалд бус бусдын аз жаргалд оршдог ажээ.
Яаж аз жаргалтай амьдрах вэ гэсэн асуултанд хариулахын тулд Харвардын судалгаа болон Маслоугийн хэрэгцээний шатлалын онолуудыг нэгтгэн дүгнэвэл:
👍Эрүүл, эерэг хүн хоорондын харилцаа ба хайр, хүндэтгэл хамгаас чухал
👍Материаллаг хэрэгцээ чухал боловч тодорхой түвшинд хүрээд чухал биш болдог. Тэр түвшнээ өөрөө олж мэдрэх
👍Бидний дадал зуршил, амьдралын хэв маяг бидний аз жаргалыг тодорхойлдог.
👍.Өөрчлөлт хийхэд хэзээ ч оройтохгүй.
👍Аз жаргалтай байх эсэх нь бидний л хариуцлагын асуудал.
👍Хүн гэсэн бодгалийн хувьд бусдад туслах, бусдыг энэрэх, хайрлах, хүндлэх нь хамгийн дээд шатны хэрэгцээ бас хариуцлага юм байна.
Иймээс аз жаргалтай байхын тулд та өнөөдрөөс эхлээд эргэн тойрныхоо хүмүүстэйгээ харилцах харилцаа дээрээ анхаарч, бусдад жаахан ч гэсэн туслаарай.
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